GROS Claude Voir la fiche profil en français Français (FR)

image-profil
  • GROS Claude
  • Statut : Full-Professor
  • Team : PD2A
  • Function : Researchers
  • Tags : Coordination chemistry, Macrocyclic chemistry, Molecular imaging, Sensors
  • ORCID ID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6966-947X
  • Researcher ID : F-3635-2017
  • Scopus Author ID : 35233256600
  • Address :

    ICMUB Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
    Bât. MIRANDE - Aille B - Bureau R24
    9 Avenue Alain Savary
    21000 Dijon – France

  • Tél : +33 380 396 112
  • claude.gros@u-bourgogne.fr
  • QR code

Since Feb 2009 Full Professor (Organic Chemistry, Medicinal & Pharmaceutical school) Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France

Sept. 1996-Jan. 2009 Assistant Professor, Laboratoire d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Séparation et les Applications des Gaz (LIMSAG), UMR CNRS 5633, Université de Bourgogne

Oct. 1995–Sept. 1996 Post-Doc in Organic Chemistry, Univ. of California, Davis, USA (Prof. Kevin M. Smith).

2006 “Habilitation” to supervise academic research in chemistry (Univ. de Bourgogne).

1995 Ph.D. Thesis in Physical-Chemistry (Université de Bourgogne), “Synthesis and physicochemical studies of tetraazacycloalkanes. Potential applications as MRI contrast agents and for dioxygen binding” (Supervisor: Prof. Roger Guilard).  

Management of contracts:
ANR CO3SENS (255 k€, 2015-2019),
3MIM convention (280 k€),
VIRCO SATT SAYENS (2018-2019)

International mobility programs:
PHC Procore with Hong-Kong (2017-2018),
France-Canada Samuel de Champlain travel Grant (Consulat Général de France, 2015-2017),
Äsgard Recherche 2018 (Institut Français de Norvège)  

claude gros covers

168 articles (H-index = 41, >5000 citations), 4 patents, 64 Oral communications and 107 posters in national/international conferences.

International collaborations :
Prof. Karl M. Kadish (Univ. of Houston, USA): 40 publications
Prof. Pierre D. Harvey (Univ. of Sherbrooke, Canada): 30 publications
Pr. Hai-Jun Xu (Nanjing, 28 publications),
Prof. Ganesh D. Sharma (LNMIIT, Jaipur, India): 12 publications
Dr. Yi Chang (Nanjing, 6 publications).
Prof. Abhik Ghosh ,(The Artic University, Tromso, Norway, 3 publications)

Many on-going collaborations with Chinese Universities :
Pr. Zhongping Ou (Nanjing, 14 publications),
Pr. Hai-Jun Xu (Nanjing, 13 publications),
Dr. Yi Chang (Nanjing, 6 publications).

List of publications :

Year 2023 (5 publications on 1er october 2023 and 2 submitted)

168. P.-A. Hansen,* S. H. Sørensen, N. Desbois, C. P. Gros and O. Nilsen, Porphyrins, perylenes and other large dye molecules for atomic and molecular layer deposition, Adv. Mater. Interfaces,2023, 000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202300667 IF = 6.389

167. W. R. Osterloh, N. Desbois, P. Fleurat-Lessard, Y. Fang, C. P. Gros* and K. M. Kadish*, Altering the Site of Electron Abstraction in Cobalt Corroles via meso-Trifluoromethyl Substituents,Inorg. Chem.,2023, 62, 6109–6127. IF = 5.436

166. N. Desbois, W. R. Osterloh, D. Sabat, C. Monot, S. Brandès, M. Meyer, C. Chaar, L. Hespel, L. Lebrun, R. Baati, F. Estour* and C. P. Gros,* Cobalt Tris(4-Vinylphenyl)Corrole: Out of the Frying Pan into the Polymer, Chem. Commun., 2023, 59, 2098 - 2101. IF = 6.065

165. M. Sautour, S. Pacquelet, C. P. Gros and N. Desbois,* Evaluation of carboxylic acid-derivatized corroles as novel antibacterial agents under non-photodynamic inactivation conditions, J. Inorg. Biochem., 2023, 82, 129167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129167 IF = 4.155

164. J. Yang, L. André*, N. Desbois, C. P. Gros* and S. Brandès,* 2D/3D Covalent Organic Frameworks based on cobalt corroles for CO binding , Mater. Today Chem., 2023, 28, 101357. IF = 7.613

Year 2022 (5 publications)

163. C. Di Natale,* C. P. Gros* and R. Paolesse,* Corroles at work: a small macrocycle for great applications, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2022, 51, 1277-1335 + Front Cover Issue 1274, February 2022. IF = 60.615

162. W. R. Osterloh, N. Desbois, C. P. Gros* and K. M. Kadish,* Hypercorroles formed via the Tail that Wagged the Dog: Charge Transfer Interactions from Innocent Corroles to meso-Nitrophenyl Substituents, Inorg. Chem., 2022, 61, 20576−20586. IF = 5.436

161. L. Sun, X. Wang, P. Fleurat-Lessard, C. P. Gros,* F. Bolze* and H. Xu,* Synthesis, photophysical properties and two-photon absorption of benzothiazole/benzoxazole π-expanded carbazole dyes, Dyes and Pigments, 2022, 204, 110447. IF = 5.122

160. Y. Wang, X. Kang, F. Cai, L. Sun, Y. Yu, C. P. Gros,* F. Bolze* and H. Xu,* New 1,4-divinylbenzene conjugated truxene dyes possessing D-π-D structure: Synthesis, linear photophysics and two-photon absorption, J. Luminescence, 2022, 242, 118579. IF = 4.171

159. Y. Wang, Y. Rousselin, C. P. Gros,* F. Bolze,* X. Liang, W. Zhu and H. Xu,* Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, one and two-photon absorption properties of β-β linked BODIPY dimers, Dyes and Pigments, 2022, 206, 01437208. IF = 5.122

Year 2021 (9 publications)

158. Cai, F.; Guo, Y.; Fang, Y.; Gros,* C. P.; Agrawal, A.; Sharma,* G. D.; Xu,* H.-J., New BODIPY derivatives with triarylamine and truxene substituents as donors for organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells. Solar Energy2021, 227, 354-364. IF = 5.742

157. Kappler-Gratias, S.; Bucher, L.; Top, S.; Quentin-Froignant, C.; Desbois, N.; Bertagnoli, S.; Louison, M.; Monge, E.; Bousquet-Melou, A.; Lacroix, M.; Gros,* C. P.; Gallardo,* F., Antipoxvirus Activity Evaluation of Optimized Corroles Based on Development of Autofluorescent ANCHOR Myxoma Virus. ACS Infect. Dis.2021, 7 (8), 2370-2382. IF = 5.578

156. Li, P.; Sun, D.; Liu, N.; Fang, Y.; Gros,* C. P.; Bolze,* F.; Xu,* H.-J., Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and one and two-photon absorption properties of π-expanded thiophene and truxene BODIPYs dyes. Dyes and Pigments 2021, 192, 109418. IF = 5.122

155. Mitteaux, J.; Lejault, P.; Wojciechowski, F.; Joubert, A.; Boudon, J.; Desbois, N.; Gros, C. P.; Hudson, R. H. E.; Boule, J. B.; Granzhan, A.; Monchaud,* D., Identifying G-Quadruplex-DNA-Disrupting Small Molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2021, 143 (32), 12567-12577. IF = 16.383

154. Ryan Osterloh, W.; Fang, Y.; Desbois, N.; Naitana, M. L.; Brandès, S.; Pacquelet, S.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish, K. M., Here’s looking at the reduction of noninnocent copper corroles via anion induced electron transfer. Comptes Rendus Chimie. Special Issue GDR Mapyro. 2021, 24 (S3), 71-82. IF = 3.117

153. Sharma, G. D.; Yang, J.; Jiang, H.; Gros, C. P.; Singhal, R.; Xu, H., High-efficiency fullerene free ternary organic solar cells based with two small molecules as donor. Optical Materials2021, 118, 111217. IF = 3.754

152. Vanotti,* M.; Poisson, S.; Soumann, V.; Quesneau, V.; Brandes, S.; Desbois, N.; Yang, J.; Andre, L.; Gros, C. P.; Blondeau-Patissier, V., Influence of interfering gases on a carbon monoxide differential sensor based on SAW devices functionalized with cobalt and copper corroles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 2021, (332), 129507. IF = 9.221

151. Wang, X.; Chan, H. N.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Bolze,* F.; Li, Y.; Li, H. W.; Wong,* M. S., Multimodal Theranostic Cyanine-Conjugated Gadolinium(III) Complex for In Vivo Imaging of Amyloid-beta in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13 (16), 18525-18532. IF = 10.383

150. Yang, J.; Zhang, R.; Zhao, Y.; Tian, J.; Wang, S.; Gros, C. P.; Xu,* H., Red/NIR Neutral BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Probes for Lighting Up Mitochondria. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy2021, 248, 119199. IF = 4.831

Year 2020 (14 publications)

149. Andre,* L.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Brandes, S., Porous materials applied to biomarker sensing in exhaled breath for monitoring and detecting non-invasive pathologies. Dalton Trans. 2020, 49, 15161 - 15170. HOT article. IF = 4.569

148. Bucher, L.; Kappler-Gratias, S.; Desbois, N.; Bystricky, K.; Gallardo,* F.; Gros,* C. P., A3- and A2B-nitrocorroles: synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation against human cytomegalovirus infection. RSC Med. Chem. 2020, (11), 771-782. IF = 3.470

147. Fang, Y.; Osterloh, W. R.; Desbois, N.; Pacquelet, S.; Fleurat-Lessard, P.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish,* K. M., Solvent and Anion Effects on the Electrochemistry of Manganese Dipyrrin-Bisphenols. Inorg. Chem. 2020,59 (21), 15913-15927. IF = 5.436

146. Jiang, Q.; Desbois, N.; Wang, S.; Gros,* C. P., Recent developments in dipyrrin based metal complexes: self-assembled nanoarchitectures and materials applications. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2020, (24), 646-661. IF = 1.914

145. Kappler-Gratias, S.; Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Rousselin, Y.; Bystricky, K.; Gros,* C. P.; Gallardo,* F., A3- and A2B-fluorocorroles: synthesis, X-ray characterization and antiviral activity evaluation against Human Cytomegalovirus Infection. RSC Med. Chem. 2020, (11), 783-801. IF = 3.470

144. Osterloh, W. R.; Desbois, N.; Quesneau, V.; Brandes, S.; Fleurat-Lessard, P.; Fang, Y.; Blondeau-Patissier, V.; Paolesse,* R.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish,* K. M., Old Dog, New Tricks: Innocent, Five-coordinate Cyanocobalt Corroles. Inorg. Chem. 2020,59 (12), 8562-8579. IF = 5.436

143. Osterloh, W. R.; Quesneau, V.; Desbois, N.; Brandès, S.; Shan, W.; Blondeau-Patissier, V.; Paolesse,* R.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish,* K. M., Synthesis and the Effect of Anions on the Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry of Mono(dimethyl sulfoxide)-Ligated Cobalt Corroles. Inorg. Chem. 2020,59 (1), 595-611. IF = 5.436

142. Sharma,* G. D.; Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Gupta, G.; Mahotra, P., Polymer solar cell based on ternary active layer consists of medium bandgap polymer and two non-fullerene acceptors. Solar Energy 2020, (207), 1427-1433. IF = 5.742

141. Thomas, K. E.; Desbois, N.; Conradie, J.; Teat, S. J.; Gros,* C. P.; Ghosh,* A., Gold Dipyrrin-Bisphenolates: A Combined Experimental and DFT Study of Metal-Ligand Interactions RSC Advances 2020,10, 533-540. IF = 3.245

140. Xu, X.; Sun, D.; Yang, J.; Zhu, G.; Fang, Y.; Gros,* C. P.; Bolze,* F.; Xu,* H.-J., Truxene-BODIPY dyads and triads: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, one and two-photon absorption properties and electrochemistry. Dyes and Pigments 2020, 179, 108380. IF = 5.122

139. Yang, J.; Cai, F.; Desbois, N.; Huang, L.; Gros,* C. P.; Bolze,* F.; Fang, Y.; Wang, S.; Xu,* H.-J., Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, one and two-photon absorption properties and electrochemistry of p-expanded BODIPYs dyes. Dyes and Pigments 2020, 175 (175), 108173. IF = 5.122

138. Yang, J.; Devillers, C. H.; Fleurat-Lessard, P.; Jiang, H.; Wang, S.; Gros,* C. P.; Gupta, G.; Sharma,* G. D.; Xu,* H., Carbazole-based green and blue-BODIPY dyads and triads as donors for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Dalton Trans. 2020,49 (17), 5606-5617. IF = 4.390

137. Yang, J.; Jiang, H.; Desbois, N.; Zhu, G.; Gros,* C. P.; Fang, Y.; Bolze,* F.; Wang, S.; Xu,* H.-J., Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, one and two-photon absorption properties, and electrochemistry of truxene π-expanded BODIPYs dyes. Dyes and Pigments 2020, 176, 108183. IF = 5.122

136. Yang, J.; Zhang, R.; Zhao, Y.; Tian,* J.; Wang, S.; Gros,* C. P.; Xu,* H., Red/NIR Neutral BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Probes for Lighting Up Mitochondria. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 2020, 119199. IF = 4.098

Year 2019 (7 publications)

135. Brandès,* S.; Quesneau, V.; Fonquernie, O.; Desbois, N.; Blondeau-Patissier, V.; Gros, C. P., Porous Organic Polymers based on Cobalt Corroles for Carbon Monoxide Binding. Dalton Trans.2019, 48, 11651-11662. HOT article + Inside Cover. IF = 4.569

134. Fong, C. W.; Yu, H. Y.; Gros, C. P.; Chan,* K. S., Hydrogenolysis of carbon-carbon σ-bond using water catalysed by semi-rigid diiridium(III) porphyrins. New J. Chem.2019, 43, 3656-3659. IF = 3.925

133. Ponsot, F.; Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Rousselin, Y.; Mondal, P.; Devillers, C. H.; Romieu, A.; Gros,* C. P.; Singhal, R.; Sharma,* G. D., A bacteriochlorin-diketopyrrolopyrrole triad as a donor for solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. J. Mater. Chem. C2019, 7, 9655-9664. IF = 8.067

132. Ponsot, F.; Desbois, N.; Bucher, L.; Berthelot, M.; Mondal, P.; Gros,* C. P.;Romieu,* A., Near-infrared emissive bacteriochlorin-diketopyrrolopyrrole triads: Synthesis and photophysical properties. Dyes and Pigments2019, 160, 747-756. IF = 5.122

131. Shan, W.; Desbois, N.; Pacquelet, S.; Brandès, S.; Rousselin, Y.; Conradie, J.; Ghosh,* A.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish,* K. M., Ligand Noninnocence in Cobalt Dipyrrin-Bisphenols: Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Theoretical Insights Indicating An Emerging Analogy with Corroles. Inorg. Chem. 2019, 58 (12), 7677-7689. IF = 5.165

130. Shan, W.; Quesneau, V.; Desbois, N.; Blondeau-Patissier, V.; Naitana, M. L.; Rousselin, Y.; Gros,* C. P.; Ou, Z.; Kadish,* K. M., Synthesis, electrochemistry, protonation reaction and X-ray analysis of meso-aryl substituted open-chain pentapyrroles. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines2019, 23, 214-222. IF = 1.914

129. Xu, H.-J.; Shi, H.; Liu,* Y.; Song, J.; Lu, X.; Gros,* C. P.; Deng,* K.; Zeng,* Q., Assembly structures and electronic properties of truxene-porphyrin compounds studied by STM/STS. Dalton Trans.2019, 48, 8693-8701. IF = 4.569

Year 2018 (12 publications)

128. Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Harvey, P. D.; Gros,* C. P.; Misra, R.; Sharma,* G. D., Non fullerene/Polymer Solar Cells Reaching a 9.29% Efficiency Using a BODIPY-thiophene Backboned Donor Material. ACS Applied Energy Materials.2018, 1 (7), 3359–3368. IF = 6.959

127. Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Harvey,* P. D.; Gros,* C. P.; Sharma,* G. D., A Porphyrin Antenna-enriched BODIPY-thiophene copolymer for Efficient Solar Cells. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces2018, 10 (1), 992-1004. IF = 10.383

126. Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Koukaras, E. N.; Devillers, C.; Biswas, S.; Sharma,* G. D.; Gros,* C. P., BODIPY-diketopyrrolopyrrole-porphyrin conjugate Small Molecules for Use in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. J. Mater. Chem. A2018, 6, 8449 - 8461. IF = 14.511

125. Bucher, L.; Tanguy, L.; Desbois, N.; Karsenti, P.-L.; Harvey,* P. D.; Gros,* C. P.; Sharma,* G. D., Photovoltaic Properties of a Porphyrin-containing Polymer as Donor in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Low Energy Loss. Solar RRL2018, 2 (1), 1700168. IF = 9.173

124. Gros,* C. P.; Michelin, C.; Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Devillers, C.; Coutsolelos, A. G.; Biswas, S.; Sharma,* G. D., Synthesis and characterization of zinc carboxy-porphyrin complexes for dye sensitized solar cells New J. Chem.2018, 42, 8151-8159. IF = 3.925

123. Jiang, X.; Naitana, M.; Desbois, N.; Quesneau, V.; Brandès, S.; Rousselin, Y.; Shan, W.; Osterloh, W. R.; Blondeau-Patissier, V.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish,* K. M., Electrochemistry of Cobalt Nitrophenylcorroles in Nonaqueous Media. Inorg. Chem.2018, 57 (3), 1226-1241. IF = 5.436

122. Jiang, X.; Shan, W.; Desbois, N.; Quesneau, V.; Brandès, S.; Van Caemelbecke, E.; Osterloh, W. R.; Blondeau-Patissier, V.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish,* K. M., Mono-DMSO Ligated Cobalt Nitrophenylcorroles: Electrochemical and Spectral Characterization New J. Chem. 2018, 42, 8220-8229. IF = 3.925

121. Meyer,* M.; Gros, C. P.; Plasseraud, L., Equilibrium solution coordination chemistry (NJC Themed Issue). New J. Chem.2018, 42, 7514-7515. IF = 3.925

120. Miyake, Y.; López Moreno, A.; Yang, J.; Xu, H.-J.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Komatsu,* N., Synthesis of flexible nanotweezers with various metals and their application to carbon nanotube extraction. New. J. Chem.2018, 42, 7592-7594. IF = 3.925

119. Quesneau, V.; Shan, W.; Desbois, N.; Brandès, S.; Rousselin, Y.; Vanotti, M.; Blondeau-Patissier, V.; Naitana, M.; Fleurat-Lessard, P.; Van Caemelbecke, E.; Kadish,* K. M.; Gros,* C. P., Cobalt Corroles with bis-Ammonia or mono-DMSO Axial Ligands. Electrochemical, Spectroscopic Characterizations and Ligand Binding Properties. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem.2018, 38, 4265-4277. IF = 2.551

118. Yang, J.; Cai, F.-J.; Yuan, X.-M.; Meng, T.; Xin, G.-X.; Wang, S.-F.; Gros,* C. P.; Xu,* H.-J., Efficient energy transfer in a tri-chromophoric dyad containing BODIPYs and corrole based on a truxene platform. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines2018, 22, 777-783. IF = 1.811

117. Yang, J.; Rousselin, Y.; Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Bolze,* F.; Xu,* H.-J.; Gros,* C. P., Two-Photon Absorption Properties and Structures of BODIPY and Its Dyad, Triad and Tetrad. ChemPlusChem 2018, 83, 838-844. IF = 3.21

Year 2017 (8 publications)

116. Vanotti,* M.; Theron, C.; Poisson, S.; Quesneau, V.; Naitana, M.; Soumann, V.; Brandès, S.; Desbois, N.; Gros, C.; Tran-Thi, T.-H.; Blondeau-Patissier, V., Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors for the Detection of Hazardous Compounds in Indoor Air. Proceedings 2017, 1, 444. doi:10.3390/proceedings1040444.

115. Shan, W.; Desbois, N.; Blondeau-Patissier, V.; Naitana, M. L.; Quesneau, V.; Rousselin, Y.; Gros,* C. P.; Ou, Z.; Kadish,* K. M., Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemistry of Open-Chain Pentapyrroles and Sapphyrins with Highly Electron Withdrawing meso-Tetraaryl substituents. Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23 (52), 12833-12844.

114. Langlois, A.; Xu, H.-J.; Karsenti, P.-L.; Gros,* C. P.; Harvey,* P. D., Excited State N-H Tautomer Selectivity in the Singlet Energy Transfer in a Zinc(II)Porphyrin-Truxene-Corrole Assembly. Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23 (21), 5010-5022. Hot paper.

113. Jiang, X.; Gros,* C. P.; Chang, Y.; Desbois, N.; Zeng, L.; Cui, Y.; Kadish,* K. M., Tetracationic and Tetraanionic Manganese Porphyrins: Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Characterization. Inorg. Chem. 2017, 56 (14), 8045-8057.

112. Fang, Y.; Zhu, J.; Cui, Y.; Zeng, L.; Naitana, M. L.; Chang, Y.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish,* K. M., Protonation and Electrochemical Properties of Pyridyl and Sulfonatophenyl Substituted Porphyrins in Nonaqueous Media. ChemElectroChem 2017, 4 (8), 1872-1884.

111. Bucher, L.; Tanguy, L.; Fortin, D.; Desbois, N.; Harvey,* P. D.; Sharma,* G. D.; Gros,* C. P., An ultra-low bandgap (diketopyrrolopyrrole-porphyrin) conjugated polymer. ChemPlusChem 2017, 82, 625-630 (Biofest special issue).

110. Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Harvey, P. D.; Sharma,* G. D.; Gros,* C. P., Porphyrins and BODIPY as Building Blocks for Efficient Donor Materials in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. Solar RRL 2017, 1 (12), 1700127.

109. Bucher, L.; Aly, S. M.; Desbois, N.; Karsenti, P.-L.; Gros,* C. P.; Harvey,* P. D., Random structural modification of a low band gap BODIPY-based polymer. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121 (12), 6478–6491.

Year 2016 (8 publications)

108. Pascal, S.; Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Bucher, C.; Andraud,* C.; Gros,* C. P., Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Photophysics of Aza-BODIPY Porphyrin Dyes. Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 4971-4979.

107. Gros,* C. P.; Michelin, C.; Depotter, G.; Desbois, N.; Clays, K.; Cui, Y.; Zeng, L.; Fang, Y.; Ngo, H. M.; Lopez, C.; Ledoux, I.; Nicoud, J. F.; Bolze,* F.; Kadish,* K. M., Non-Linear Optical, Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Properties of Amphiphilic Inner Salt Porphyrinic Systems. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines, Special Issue dedicated to Thomas Torres 2016, 2 0, 1006-1015.

106. Diabate, P.-D.; Laguerre, A.; Pirrotta, M.; Desbois, N.; Boudon, J.; Gros, C. P.; Monchaud,* D., DNA structure-specific sensitization of a metalloporphyrin leads to an efficient in vitro quadruplex detection molecular tool. New J. Chem Themed collection on Nitrogen Ligands 2016, 40, 5683-5689 (Front Cover).

105. Deschamps, J.; Langlois, A.; Martin, G.; Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Harvey,* P. D., Cyclotriveratrylene-containing Porphyrins;Inorg. Chem. 2016, 55, 9230−9239.

104. Deschamps, J.; Chang, Y.; Langlois, A.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Harvey,* P. D., The first example of cofacial bis(dipyrrins). New J. Chem Themed collection on Nitrogen Ligands 2016, 40, 5835-5845.

103. Denat,* F.; Gros,* C. P., Introduction to the Nitrogen Ligands Themed Issue. New J. Chem. Special Issue on Nitrogen Ligands 2016, 40, 5643-5643.

102. Cui, Y.; Zeng, L.; Fang, Y.; Zhu, J.; Xu, H.-J.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish,* K. M., Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Properties of Free-Base Pyridyl- and N-Alkyl-4-Pyridylporphyrins in Nonaqueous Media. ChemElectroChem 2016, 3 (1), 110-121.

101. Cui, Y.; Zeng, L.; Fang, Y.; Zhu, J.; Devillers, C. H.; Lucas, D.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Kadish,* K. M., Tuning the Electrochemistry of Free-Base Porphyrins in Acidic Nonaqueous Media: Influence of Solvent, Supporting Electrolyte and Ring Substituents. ChemElectroChem 2016, 3, 228-241.

Year 2015 (8 publications)

100. Tasan, S.; Licona, C.; Michelin, C.; Doulain, P.-E.; Gros,* C. P.; Picquet, M.; Le Gendre, P.; Harvey, P. D.; Paul, C.; Gaiddon, C.; Bodio,* E., Gold-phosphine-porphyrin as potential metal-based theranostics. J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2015, 1, 143-154.

99. Langlois, A.; Xu, H.-J.; Karsenti, P.-L.; Gros,* C. P.; Harvey,* P. D., Very Fast Singlet and Triplet Energy Transfers in a Tri-chromophoric Porphyrin Dyad Aided by the Truxene Platform. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2015, Special Issue dedicated to Prof. Shunichi Fukuzumi (19), 427-441.

98. Laguerre, A.; Chang, Y.; Pirrotta, M.; Desbois, N.; Gros, C. P.; Lesniewska, E.; Monchaud,* D., Surface-promoted aggregation of amphiphilic quadruplex ligands drives their selectivity for alternative DNA structures. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2015, 13, 7034 - 7039.

97. Harvey,* P. D.; Tasan, S.; Gros,* C. P.; Devillers, C. H.; Richard, P.; Le Gendre, P.; Bodio,* E., Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes of Porphyrin-Phosphine Derivatives as Potential Bimetallic Theranostics: Photophysical Studies. Organometallics 2015, 34 (7), 1218–1227.

96. Gros,* C. P.; Desbois, N.; Michelin, C.; Demilly, E.; Tilkin-Mariamé, A.-F.; Mariamé, B.; Gallardo,* F., Synthesis and antiviral activity evaluation of nitroporphyrins and nitrocorroles as potential agents against human cytomegalovirus infection. ACS Infectious Diseases (Front Cover) 2015, 1 (8), 350-356.

95. Desbois, N.; Pacquelet, S.; Dubois, A.; Michelin, C.; Gros,* C. P., Easy access to heterobimetallic complexes for medical imaging applications via microwave-enhanced cycloaddition. Belstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, (11), 2202-2208.

94. Desbois, N.; Michelin, C.; Chang, Y.; Stupar, V.; Bonnaud, M.; Pacquelet, S.; Gros,* C. P., Synthetic strategy for preparation of a folate corrole DOTA heterobimetallic Cu-Gd complex as a potential bimodal contrast agent in medical imaging. Tetrahedron Letters 2015, 56, 7128-7131.

93. Chang, Y.; Michelin, C.; Bucher, L.; Desbois, N.; Gros,* C. P.; Piant, S.; Bolze,* F.; Fang, Y.; Jiang, X.; Kadish,* K. M., Synthesis and Characterization of Carbazole Linked Porphyrin Tweezers. Chem. Eur. J. (Hot paper + inside cover) 2015, 34, 12018-12025.

Year 2014 (5 publications)

92. Xu, H.-J.; Bonnot, A.; Karsenti, P.-L.; Langlois, A.; Abdelhammed, M.; Barbe, J.-M.; Gros, C. P.; Harvey, P. D., Antenna Effect in Truxene-bridged BODIPY-Triarylzinc(II)porphyrin Dyads: Evidence for a Dual Dexter-Förster Mechanism. Dalton Trans. 2014, 43, 8219-8229.

91. Langlois, A.; Xu, H.-X.; Brizet, B.; Denat, F.; Barbe, J.-M.; Gros, C. P.; Harvey, P. D., Origin of the Temperature Dependence of the Rate of Singlet Energy Transfer in a Three-Component Truxene-bridged Dyads. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines - Special Issue 2014, 18 (1/2), 94-106. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424613501150.

90. Laguerre, A.; Desbois, N.; Stefan, L.; Richard, P.; Gros, C. P.; Monchaud, D., Porphyrin-based design of bioinspired multi-target quadruplex ligands. ChemMedChem, DNA/RNA Special issue 2014 ,9 (9), 2035-2039. DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300526.

89. Fang, Y.; Jiang, X.; Ou, Z.; Michelin, C.; Desbois, N.; Gros, C. P.; Kadish, K. M., Redox Properties of Nitrophenylporphyrins and Electrosynthesis of Nitrophenyl-Linked Zn Porphyrin Dimers or Arrays. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2014, 18, 832-841.

88. Brizet, B.; Desbois, N.; Bonnot, A.; Langlois, A.; Dubois, A.; Barbe, J.-M.; Gros, C. P.; Goze, C.; Denat, F.; Harvey, P. D., Slow and fast singlet energy transfers in BODIPY-gallium(III)corrole dyads linked by flexible chains. Inorg. Chem. 2014, 53 (7), 3392-3403. 59 Citations

Year 2013 (2 publications)

87. Xu, H.-J.; Du, B.; Gros, C. P.; Richard, P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Harvey, P. D., Shape-persistent poly-porphyrins assembled by a central truxene: synthesis, structure, and singlet energy transfer behaviors. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2013, 17, 44-55.

86. Eggenspiller, A.; Michelin, C.; Desbois, N.; Richard, P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Denat, F.; Licona, C.; Gaiddon, C.; Sayeh, A.; Choquet, P.; Gros, C. P., Design of porphyrin-DOTA-like scaffolds as all-in-one multimodal heterometallic complexes for medical imaging. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 6629-6643.

Year 2012 (7 publications)

85. Xu, H.-J.; Stefan, L.; Vuong, S.; Haudecoeur, R.; Richard, P.; Denat, F.; Barbe, J.-M.; Gros, C. P.; Monchaud, D., Porphyrin-templated synthetic G-quartet (PorphySQ): a second prototype of G-quartet–based G-quadruplex ligand. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2012, 10 (27), 5212-5218.

84. Xu, H.-J.; Richard, P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Gros, C. P., Design of guanidinium porphyrins as potential G-quadruplex ligands. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2012, 16 (10), 1073-1081.

83. Peljo, P.; Murtomäki, L.; Kallio, T.; Xu, H.-J.; Meyer, M.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Girault, H. H.; Laasonen, K.; Kontturi, K., Biomimetic oxygen reduction by cofacial porphyrins at a liquid-liquid interface. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 5974-5984. 90 Citations

82. Olaya, A. J.; Schaming, D.; Brevet, P.-F.; Nagatani, H.; Zimmermann, T.; Vanicek, J.; Xu, H.-J.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Girault, H. H., Self-Assembled Molecular Rafts at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces for Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134 (1), 498-506. 66 Citations

81. Fukuzumi, S.; Amasaki, I.; Ohkubo, K.; Gros, C. P.; Guilard, R.; Barbe, J.-M., Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Supramolecular Complexes of a pi-Extended Viologen with Porphyrin Monomer and Dimer RSC Advances 2012, 2, 3741-3747.

80. Eggenspiller, A.; Takai, A.; El-Kouhly, M. E.; Ohkubo, K.; Gros, C. P.; Bernhard, C.; Goze, C.; Denat, F.; Barbe, J.-M.; Fukuzumi, S., Synthesis and Photodynamics of Fluorescent Blue BODIPY–Porphyrin Tweezers Linked by Triazole Rings. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2012, 116 (15), 3889-3898.

79. Brizet, B.; Eggenspiller, A.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Goze, C.; Denat, F.; Harvey, P. D., B,B-diporphyrinbenzyloxy-BODIPY dyes: Synthesis and Antenna Effect. J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77 (7), 3646-3650.

Year 2011 (11 publications)

78. Xu, H.-J.; Gros, C. P.; Brandès, S.; Ge, P.-Y.; Girault, H. H.; Barbe, J.-M., Room Temperature Ionic Liquids based on Cationic Porphyrin Derivatives and Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate Anion. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2011, 15, 560-574.

77. Takaï, A.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Fukuzumi, S., Greatly Enhanced Intermolecular -Dimer Formation of a Porphyrin Trimer Radical Trications through Multiple  Bonds. Chemistry - A European Journal 2011,17 (12), 3420-3428.

76. Stefan, L.; Xu, H.-J.; Gros, C. P.; Denat, F.; Monchaud, D., Harnessing nature’s insights: synthetic small-molecules with peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme properties. Chemistry - A European Journal 2011, 17, 10857-10862.

75. Langlois, G.; Aly, S. M.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Harvey, P. D., Rational Synthetic Design of Well-defined Pt(bisethynyl)/Zn(porphyrin) Oligomers for Potential Applications in Photonics. New J. Chem. 2011, 35, 1302-1314.

74. Habermeyer, B.; Takai, A.; Gros, C. P.; El Ojaimi, M.; Barbe, J.-M.; Fukuzumi, S., Dynamics of Closure of a Zinc Bisporphyrin Molecular Tweezers with Copper(II) Ions and Electron Transfer. Chemistry - A European Journal 2011, 17 (38), 10670-10681.

73. Gros, C. P.; Eggenspiller, A.; Nonat, A.; Barbe, J.-M.; Denat, F., New Potential Bimodal Imaging Contrast Agents Based on DOTA-like and Porphyrin Macrocycles. MedChemComm 2011, 2 (2), 119-125.

72. Goulon, J.; Rogalev, A.; Goujon, G.; Wilhelm, F.; Ben Youssef, J.; Gros, C.; Barbe, J.-M.; Guilard, R., X-ray Detected Magnetic Resonance: a Unique Probe of the Precession Dynamics of Orbital Magnetization Components. Int. J. Mol. Sci. (Special Issue Applications of Molecular Dynamics) 2011, 12 (12), 8797-8835.

71. Chen, P.; Lau, H.; Habermeyer, B.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Kadish, K. M., Electrochemistry, Spectroelectrochemistry and Catalytic Activity of Biscobalt Bisporphyrin Dyads Towards Dioxygen Reduction. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2011 15, 467-479.

70. Chen, P.; El Ojaimi, M.; Gros, C. P.; Richard, P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Guilard, R.; Shen, J.; Kadish, K. M., Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of Bismanganese Biscorroles and Porphyrin-Corrole Dyads. Inorg. Chem. 2011, 50 (8), 3479-3489.

69. Chen, P.; El Ojaimi, M.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Guilard, R.; Shen, J.; Kadish, K. M., Electrochemistry and Spectroelectrochemistry of Bismanganese Biscorroles Dyads. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2011, 15 (3), 188-196.

68. Brégier, F.; Aly, S. M.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Rousselin, Y.; Harvey, P. D., Design and Photophysical Properties of Zinc(II) Porphyrin-containing Dendrons Linked to a Central Artificial Special Pair. Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17 (51), 14643-14662.

Year 2010 (9 publications)

67. Takaï, A.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Fukuzumi, S., Photodynamics in stable complexes composed of a zinc porphyrin tripod and pyridyl porphyrins assembled by multiple coordination bonds. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2010, 12, 12160-12168.

66. Takai, A.; Chkounda, M.; Eggenspiller, A.; Gros, C. P.; Lachkar, M.; Barbe, J.-M.; Fukuzumi, S., Efficient Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Porphyrin Tripod–Fullerene Supramolecular Complex via π–π Interactions in Nonpolar Media. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 4477-4489. 135 Citations

65. Su, B.; Hatay, I.; Trojánek, A.; Samec, Z.; Khoury, T.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Daina, A.; Carrupt, P.-A.; Girault, H. H., Molecular Electrocatalysis for Oxygen Reduction by Cobalt Porphyrins Adsorbed at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 2655-2662. 110 Citations

64. Partovi-Nia, R.; Su, B.; Mendez, M.; Habermeyer, B.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Samec, Z.; H., G., Dioxygen Reduction by Cobalt(II) Octaethylporphyrin at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. Chem. Phys. Chem. 2010, 11 (13), 2979-2984.

63. Hatay, I.; Su, B.; Mendez, M.; Corminboeuf, C.; Khoury, T.; Gros, C. P.; Bourdillon, M.; Meyer, M.; Barbe, J.-M.; Ersoz, M.; Zalis, S.; Samec, Z.; Girault, H. H., Oxygen reduction catalyzed by a fluorinated tetraphenylporphyrin free base at liquid/liquid interfaces. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132 (39), 13733-13741. 67 Citations

62. Harvey, P. D.; Stern, C.; Gros, C. P.; Guilard, R., Through space singlet energy transfers in the light harvesting systems and cofacial bisporphyrin dyads. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2010, 14, 55-63.

61. El Ojaimi, M.; Habermeyer, B.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M., Towards the Synthesis of Substituted Porphyrins by a Pyridyl Group Bearing a Reactive Functionality. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2010, 14, 469-480.

60. Bellows, D.; Goudreault, T.; Aly, S. M.; Fortin, D.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Harvey, P. D., Through-Bond vs Through-Space T1 Energy Transfers in Organometallic Compound-Metalloporphyrin Pigments. Organometallics 2010, 29, 317-325.

59. Barbe, J.-M.; Habermeyer, B.; Khoury, T.; Gros, C. P.; Richard, P.; Chen, P.; Kadish, K. M., Three Metal Coordination by Novel Bis-porphyrin Architectures. Inorg. Chem. 2010, 49 (19), 8929-8940.

Year 2009 (5 publications)

58. Takai, A.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Guilard, R.; Fukuzumi, S., Enhanced Electron-Transfer Properties of Cofacial Porphyrin Dimers through π–π Interaction Chemistry - A European Journal 2009,15, 3110-3122. 104 Citations

57. Partovi-Nia, R. P.; Su, B.; Li, F.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Samec, Z.; Girault, H. H., Proton Pump for O2 Reduction Catalyzed by 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrinatocobalt(II). Chemistry - A European Journal 2009, 15 (10), 2335-2340. 51 Citations

56. Kadish, K. M.; Frémond, L.; Shen, J.; Chen, P.; Ohkubo, K.; Fukuzumi, S.; El Ojaimi, M.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Guilard, R., Catalytic Activity of Biscobalt Porphyrin–Corrole Dyads Towards the Reduction of Dioxygen. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48 (6), 2571-2582. 89 Citations

55. Hatay, I.; Su, B.; Li, F.; Méndez, M. A.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Ersoz, M.; Samec, Z.; Girault, H. H., Proton Coupled Oxygen Reduction at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphine. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 13453-13459. 87 Citations

54. Bellows, D.; Aly, S. M.; Gros, C. P.; El Ojaimi, M.; Barbe, J.-M.; Guilard, R.; Harvey, P. D., Energy Transfers in Monomers, Dimers, and Trimers of Zinc(II) and Palladium(II) Porphyrins Bridged by Rigid Pt-Containing Conjugated Organometallic Spacers. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48 (16), 7613-7619.

Year 2008 (6 publications)

53. Su, B.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Samecc, Z.; Girault, H. H., Evidence of Tetraphenylporphyrin Monoacids by Ion-Transfer Voltammetry at Polarized Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. Chem. Commun. 2008, 5037-5038.

52. Shen, J.; El Ojaimi, M.; Chkounda, M.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Shao, J.; Guilard, R.; Kadish, K. M., Solvent, Anion and Structural Effects on the Redox Potentials and UV-visible Spectral Properties of Mononuclear Manganese Corroles. Inorg. Chem. 2008, 47, 7717-7727.

51. Kadish, K. M.; Shen, J.; Frémond, L.; Chen, P.; El Ojaimi, M.; Chkounda, M.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Ohkubo, K.; Fukuzumi, S.; Guilard, R., Clarification of the Oxidation State of Cobalt Corroles in Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of Dioxygen. Inorg. Chem. 2008, 47, 6726-6737. 79 Citations

50. Harvey, P. D.; Stern, C.; Gros, C. P.; Guilard, R., Comments on the Through Space Singlet Energy Transfers and Energy Migration (Exciton) in the Light Harvesting Systems. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2008, 102, 395-405.

49. El Ojaimi, M.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M., Eficient two step synthesis of face-to-face meso-substituted biscorrole dyads. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 7, 1181-1186.

48. D’Souza, F.; Maligaspe, E.; Karr, P. A.; Schumacher, A. L.; El Ojaimi, M.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Ohkubo, K.; Fukuzumi, S., Face-to-Face Held Pacman Type Porphyrin-Fullerene Dyads: Design, Synthesis, Charge Transfer Interactions and Photophysical Studies. Chem. Eur. J. 2008, 14, 674-681. 74 Citations

Year 2007 (4 publications)

47. Tanaka, M.; Ohkubo, K.; Gros, C. P.; Guilard, R.; Fukuzumi, S., pi-Complex Formation between Bisporphyrin and Acridinium Ion and the Photodynamics. ECS Trans. 2 2007, 12, 167-176.

46. Harvey, P. D.; Stern, C.; Gros, C. P.; Guilard, R., The photophysics and photochemistry of cofacial free base and metallated bisporphyrins held together by covalent architectures. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2007, 251, 410-428. 106 Citations

45. Gros, C. P.; Brisach, F.; Meristoudi, A.; Espinosa, E.; Guilard, R.; Harvey, P. D., Modulation of the Singlet-Singlet Through Space Energy Transfer Rates in Cofacial Bisporphyrin and Porphyrin-Corrole Dyads Inorg. Chem. 2007, 46, 125-135. 86 Citations

44. Gros, C. P.; Aly, S. M.; El Ojaimi, M.; Barbe, J.-M.; Brisach, F.; Abd-El-Aziz, A. S.; Harvey, P. D., Through Space Singlet-Singlet and Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfers in Cofacial Bisporphyrins Held by the Carbazoyl Spacer. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2007, 11 (3-4), 244-257.

Year 2006 (4 publications)

43.  Tanaka, M.; Ohkubo, K.; Gros, C. P.; Guilard, R.; Fukuzumi, S., Persistent electron-transfer state of a pi-complex of acridinium ion inserted between porphyrin rings of cofacial bisporphyrins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 28, 14625-14633. 101 Citations

42.  Szubert, A.; Sadowski, Z.; Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Guilard, R., Identification of metalloporphyrins extracted from the copper bearing black shale of fore sudetic monocline (Poland). Minerals Eng. 2006, 19, 1212-1215.

41.  Kadish, K. M.; Frémond, L.; Burdet, F.; Barbe, J.-M.; Gros, C. P.; Guilard, R., Cobalt(IV) Corroles as Catalysts for the Electroreduction of O2. Reactions of Heterobimetallic Dyads Containing a Face-to-Face Linked Fe(III) or Mn(III) Porphyrin. J. Inorg. Biochem. 2006, 100 (4), 858-868. 66 Citations

40.  Gros, C. P.; Barbe, J.-M.; Espinosa, E.; Guilard, R., Room temperature auto-conversion of free-base corrole into free-base porphyrin. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (VIP Communication) 2006, 45, 5642-5645.

Full list of publications available for download

Full Professor (Organic Chemistry, Medicinal & Pharmaceutical school)

Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France 

Synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of BODIPY, porphyrin and corrole derivatives for energy and electron transfer studies and/or applications.

Biomimetic models (O2 reduction).

Sensors (CO detection). 

Since 2008, nominated expert for the French Ministry of Research « Délégation aux affaires européennes et internationales (DAEI) » (international mobility programs (Partenariats Hubert Curien) and international scientific cooperation programs).

Guest Editor of two New J. Chem. Themed Issues.

Equilibrium solution coordination chemistry - 2016
Editorial Introduction to the Nitrogen Ligands Themed Issue - 2015

Full member (elected) of the “Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon”, ACASCIA and President of the Science Commission

Chaiman of the 6th EuCheMS Conference on Nitrogen Ligands, Beaune 2015 (September, 13-17th)

Chaiman of the 2nd and 1st Dijon/Nanjing symposium on Functional Macrocyclic Molecules, (Dijon, June 29-30th 2018 and Nanjing, July 9-10th, 2016, China)